Chord Distribution Analysis

Chord SymbolCountFrequency
C7615.0%
F6512.5%
E7512.5%
G7512.5%
D7410.0%
Eb737.5%
Gm737.5%
Am725.0%

Key Patterns Detected

PatternFunctionFrequency
Gm7 -> C7Setup (Major Key)3
Bm7b5 -> E7Setup (Minor Key)2
E7 -> AmResolution (Minor)2
Dm7 -> G7Setup (Major Key)2
Am7 -> D7Setup (Major Key)1
D7 -> Gm7Resolution (Minor)1
G7 -> Cmaj7Resolution (Major)1

Harmonic Highlights

  • Employs a chromatic dominant descent (E7–Eb7–D7) that functions as a series of passing chords or tritone substitutions, providing smooth voice leading into the secondary dominant G7.
  • Utilizes a VI7–II7–V7–I cycle of fourths, a quintessential Swing-era trope that prioritizes dominant-to-dominant resolution over standard diatonic functions.
  • The bridge executes a formal ii–V–i modulation to the relative minor (Am), creating a brief but effective tonal shift away from the primary F Major center.

Improvisation Focus Guide-tone targeting (emphasizing 3rds and 7ths) to clearly outline the shifting tonalities of the secondary dominants.

Difficulty Rating 2/5: The harmonic progression follows logical, cyclical patterns common in jazz standards, making it highly accessible for intermediate improvisers.


Standard Available in:

  • The Real Book - Volume II
  • The Real Dixieland Book
  • The Real Bebop Book
  • The Real Vocal Book - Volume I
Check the Hal Leonard Jazz Song Finder to make sure that the standard is indeed in the book.